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In the cities—which were small by modern standards; Basel had about 10,000 inhabitants, [30] Zürich, Bern, Lausanne, and Fribourg about 5,000 each—the development was a natural one, for the liege lords very soon gave the cities a certain autonomy, in particular over their internal administration. The number of cities also grew during this ...
The initial pact was augmented by pacts with the cities of Lucerne, Zurich, and Bern. This union of rural and urban communes, which enjoyed the status of imperial immediacy within the Holy Roman Empire , was engendered by pressure from Habsburg dukes and kings who had ruled much of the land.
The first expansion of Bern occurred as the city was founded. Most likely the first city started at Nydegg Castle and reached to the Zytglogge (Swiss German: clock tower). The city was divided by three longitudinal streets, which stretched from the Castle to the city wall.
Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories, thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps, by the 18th century comprising most of what is today the canton of Bern and the canton of Vaud. The expansionist policy of the city of Bern led them into the Bernese Oberland. Through ...
This situation led the cities of Lucerne, Zürich and Bern to attach themselves to the Swiss Confederacy in 1332, 1351, and 1353 respectively. As elsewhere in Europe, Switzerland suffered a crisis in the middle of the century, triggered by the Black Death followed by social upheaval and moral panics , often directed against the Jews as in the ...
But still, Switzerland remained a relative "oasis of peace and prosperity" [4] (Grimmelshausen) while Europe was torn by the Thirty Years' War. The cities generally lay low and watched the destruction from afar, the Republic of Zürich investing in building state-of-the-art city ramparts.
Map of the Helvetic Republic (1798) Map of Switzerland in 1815 New cantons were added only in the modern period, during 1803–1815; this mostly concerned former subject territories now recognized as full cantons (such as Vaud, Ticino and Aargau), and the full integration of territories that had been more loosely allied to the Confederacy (such as Geneva, Valais and Grisons).
1191 - Bern set up as military outpost by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen. [2] 1218 - Bern becomes a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. [3] 1219 - Zytglogge (tower) built. [1] 1223 - Theto von Ravensburg becomes Schultheiss von Bern . 1256 - Käfigturm (tower) built. 1259 - First mention of Jews in Bern. [4]