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The malfunction of the fatty acid synthesis pathway can result in cancer and obesity. However, the significance of fatty acid synthesis also make the fatty acid synthesis pathway a potential target for the search and study of anticancer and antibiotic drugs. [2] It has been found that in humans, fatty acid synthase, is overly expressed in ...
Long chain fatty acids (more than 14 carbon) need to be converted to fatty acyl-CoA in order to pass across the mitochondria membrane. [6] Fatty acid catabolism begins in the cytoplasm of cells as acyl-CoA synthetase uses the energy from cleavage of an ATP to catalyze the addition of coenzyme A to the fatty acid. [ 6 ]
Acyl-CoA synthetases, also known as acyl-CoA ligases, are enzymes that “activate” fatty acids by thioesterification to CoA. [1] It represents the initial step of fatty acid metabolism so that fatty acids can participate in catabolic and anabolic pathways. [ 1 ]
General chemical structure of an acyl-CoA, where R is a carboxylic acid side chain. Acyl-CoA is a group of CoA-based coenzymes that metabolize carboxylic acids. Fatty acyl-CoA's are susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this ...
Fatty acid esterification takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells by metabolic pathways in which acyl groups in fatty acyl-CoAs are transferred to the hydroxyl groups of glycerol-3-phosphate and diacylglycerol. [7] Three fatty acid chains are bonded to each glycerol molecule.
The fatty acid synthetase used to produce omega-alicyclic fatty acids is also used to produce membrane branched-chain fatty acids. In bacteria with membranes composed mainly of omega-alicyclic fatty acids, the supply of cyclic carboxylic acid-CoA esters is much greater than that of branched-chain primers. [ 24 ]
Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase catalyzes the reaction between a fatty acid with ATP to give a fatty acyl adenylate, plus inorganic pyrophosphate, which then reacts with free coenzyme A to give a fatty acyl-CoA ester and AMP. If the fatty acyl-CoA has a long chain, then the carnitine shuttle must be utilized (shown in the table below):
The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity , subcellular localization , and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl - CoA esters , and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and ...