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The McCabe–Thiele method is a technique that is commonly employed in the field of chemical engineering to model the separation of two substances by a distillation column. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It uses the fact that the composition at each theoretical tray is completely determined by the mole fraction of one of the two components.
A theoretical plate in many separation processes is a hypothetical zone or stage in which two phases, such as the liquid and vapor phases of a substance, establish an equilibrium with each other.
Design and operation of a distillation tower depends on the feed and desired products. Given a simple, binary component feed, analytical methods such as the McCabe–Thiele method [41] [50] or the Fenske equation [41] can be used. For a multi-component feed, simulation models are used both for design and operation.
The other bulbs can be used to collect the distillates sequentially, when the desired fraction is being collected the bulb is cooled with water or ice to aid condensation. A motor drive is often used to rotate the string of bulbs to reduce bumping , give even heating, and increase the surface area for evaporation.
This is a diagram exemplifying how the en:McCabe-Thiele method is used to determine the number of theoretical equilibrium stages required in a distillation unit. Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
Mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location (usually meaning stream, phase, fraction, or component) to another.Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation.
Countercurrent distribution, therefore, is a method of using a series of vessels (separatory funnels) to separate compounds by a sequence of liquid-liquid extraction operations. Contrary to liquid-liquid extraction, in the CCD instruments the upper phase is decanted from the lower phase once the phases have settled.
After completing his doctoral thesis on steam-carbon reactions, he developed (jointly with McCabe) a graphical method of design for fractionating (i.e., distillation) columns as a transformational publication in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry in 1925. This approach to the design of distillation columns was rapidly adopted in undergraduate ...