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"The sheep gate": was the starting place of the wall rebuilding account (Nehemiah 3:1). [11] "The goldsmiths and the merchants": represented communities that 'largely and closely interested in the transactions connected with Temple offerings', indicated by the mention of their working in proximity to repair the wall.
Nehemiah rebuilding Jerusalem, illustration by Adolf Hult, 1919. Nehemiah (/ ˌ n iː ə ˈ m aɪ ə /; Hebrew: נְחֶמְיָה Nəḥemyā, "Yah comforts") [2] is the central figure of the Book of Nehemiah, which describes his work in rebuilding Jerusalem during the Second Temple period as the governor of Persian Judea under Artaxerxes I of Persia (465–424 BC).
Then, Artaxerxes I or possibly Darius II allowed Ezra and Nehemiah to return and rebuild the city's walls and to govern Judea, which was ruled as Yehud Medinata. During the Second Temple period, especially during the Hasmonean period, the city walls were expanded and renovated, constituting what Josephus calls the First Wall.
Nehemiah is the appointed governor of Judah, and rebuilds the Old City walls. 410 BCE: The Great Assembly is established in Jerusalem. 365/364-362 and c. 347 BCE: Judea participates in Egyptian-inspired and Sidonian -led revolts against the Achaemenids, and coins minted in Jerusalem are reflecting the short-lived autonomy.
It was repaired by the Jebusites during the wall rebuilding in the Book of Nehemiah. In some versions the gate is called "the Jeshanah Gate", which translates to "the old gate". Nehemiah 3:6 it is said to have been built by Joiada son of Paseah and Meshullam son of Besodeiah.
It is mentioned in Nehemiah 3:1 and Nehemiah 12:39. [2] It is located on the northern wall section of the old city, near the northeastern corner, a point of the city always requiring special fortification and later the sites successively of the Hasmonean Baris and of the Antonia Fortress. [3]
Nehemiah's activities dated to the third quarter of the fifth century BCE, while the precise period of Ezra's activity remains a subject of debate. Their efforts to rebuild the social and spiritual life of the Jewish returnees in their ancestral homeland are chronicled in the biblical books named after them.
In the last half of Nehemiah the emphasis shifts to the joint role of Ezra and Nehemiah in instructing the people in the Law and in the dedication of the wall, these two activities together forming the reconstitution of Jewish life in Jerusalem; [24] Dillard and Longman describe this as the moment when "the whole city becomes holy ground." [25]
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