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The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule .
The list of collections of Crusader sources provides those collections of original sources for the Crusades from the 17th century through the 20th century. These include collections, regesta and bibliotheca, and provide valuable insight into the historiography of the Crusades though the identification of the various editions and translations of the sources, as well as commentary on these sources.
The First Crusade. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0812210174. Somerville, Robert, "The Council of Clermont and the First Crusade", Studia Gratiana 20 (1976), 325–337. Somerville, Robert, "The Council of Clermont (1095), and Latin Christian Society", Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 12 (1974): 55–90 JSTOR 23563638
The First Crusade, 1095–1099. Translated and edited by Susan B. Edgington. Ashgate, Farnham, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4094-6652-9. Albert of Aachen's History of the Journey to Jerusalem. Band 2: Books 7–12. The Early History of the Latin States, 1099–1119. Translated and edited by Susan B. Edgington. Ashgate, Farnham, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4094-6653-6.
The first of these provides the chronology of the Crusades, with key histories associated with each major event (beginning with the First Crusade) and is a guide to the subsequent parts. The original sources for the Crusades are those documents generally written by contemporaneous participants.
November 27 – Urban II preaches the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont; Peter the Hermit begins to preach throughout France. November 28 – Urban II appoints Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy and Count Raymond IV of Toulouse ("Saint-Gilles"), to lead the First Crusade. The Ismaili Shia split into the Musta'li and Nizari branch.
When Pope Urban II declared the First Crusade in 1095, he also sent envoys to the main Italian maritime republics for naval assistance to the crusading armies. [1] The Republic of Genoa was the first to respond, sending a small squadron east in 1097, which joined with the Byzantine navy in the Crusade's early operations, [2] apparently followed by smaller squadrons and individual ships. [3]
15th-century painting of Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont (1095), where he preached an impassioned sermon to take back the Holy Land; later manuscript illumination of c. 1490. In March 1095 at the Council of Piacenza, ambassadors sent by Byzantine Emperor Alexius I called for help with defending his empire against the Seljuk Turks.
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