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The word "race", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in the 16th century from the Old French rasse (1512), from Italian razza: the Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest example around the mid-16th century and defines its early meaning as a "group of people belonging to the same family and descended from a common ...
Sex differences in skin colour were also depicted in Egyptian art, with women being depicted as noticeably lighter skinned than men. [26] Men would be painted dark reddish-brown, while women could be painted "white, tan, cream, or yellow". [27] Classical archaeologists typically ascribe this divergence to the differing lifestyles of men and ...
In 1854, Josiah C. Nott with George Gliddon set out to prove "that the Caucasian or white, and the Negro races were distinct at a very remote date, and that the Egyptians were Caucasians." [27] Samuel George Morton, a physician and professor of anatomy, concluded that "Negroes were numerous in Egypt, but their social position in ancient times ...
The number of races observed expanded to the 1930s and 1950s, and eventually anthropologists concluded that there were no discrete races. [98] Twentieth and 21st century biomedical researchers have discovered this same feature when evaluating human variation at the level of alleles and allele frequencies.
The History of White People is a 2010 book by Nell Irvin Painter, in which the author explores the idea of whiteness throughout history, beginning with ancient Greece and continuing through the beginning of scientific racism in early modern Europe to 19th- through 21st-century America.
Since women in Ancient Rome were traditionally expected to stay inside and out of the sun, they were usually quite pale; whereas men were expected to go outside and work in the sun, so they were usually deeply tanned. [16] Separately, people with very dark skin and tightly-curled hair were often depicted in art. [5]
After 600 years, the white race was created. [4] All the races other than the black race were by-products of Yakub's work, as the "red, yellow and brown" races were created during the "bleaching" process, with the red germ coming out of the brown, the yellow coming from the red, and from the yellow the white. [2] [4]
Spaniards were often the most numerous ethnic group in the colonial cities [9] [10] and there were menial workers and people in poverty who were of complete Spanish origin. [11] In New Spain (colonial Mexico) during the Mexican War of Independence, race and racial distinctions were an important issue and the end of imperial had a strong appeal.