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Most programming languages that have a string datatype will have some string functions although there may be other low-level ways within each language to handle strings directly. In object-oriented languages, string functions are often implemented as properties and methods of string objects. In functional and list-based languages a string is ...
This is a comparison of the features of the type systems and type checking of multiple programming languages.. Brief definitions A nominal type system means that the language decides whether types are compatible and/or equivalent based on explicit declarations and names.
Many languages have a syntax specifically intended for strings with multiple lines. In some of these languages, this syntax is a here document or "heredoc": A token representing the string is put in the middle of a line of code, but the code continues after the starting token and the string's content doesn't appear until the next line. In other ...
Sometimes, particularly in object-oriented programming, the comparison raises questions of data types and inheritance, equality, and identity. It is often necessary to distinguish between: two different objects of the same type, e.g., two hands; two objects being equal but distinct, e.g., two $10 banknotes
^c The ALGOL 68, C and C++ languages do not specify the exact width of the integer types short, int, long, and (C99, C++11) long long, so they are implementation-dependent. In C and C++ short , long , and long long types are required to be at least 16, 32, and 64 bits wide, respectively, but can be more.
Determining if a context-free grammar generates all possible strings, or if it is ambiguous. Given two context-free grammars, determining whether they generate the same set of strings, or whether one generates a subset of the strings generated by the other, or whether there is any string at all that both generate.
Many object-oriented programming languages have a three-way comparison function, which performs a three-way comparison between the object and another given object. For example, in Java , any class that implements the Comparable interface has a compareTo method which either returns a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer, or throws a ...
The practice of always using references in place of copies of equal objects is known as interning. If interning is used, two objects are considered equal if and only if their references, typically represented as pointers or integers, are equal. Some languages do this automatically: for example, Python automatically interns short strings. If the ...