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The Chinese conception of yellow (黃 huáng) is inclusive of many shades considered tan or brown in English, and its primary association is with the earth rather than the sun. It was formerly inclusive of many oranges, [6] [7] although speakers of modern Standard Mandarin increasingly map their use of huáng to shades corresponding to English ...
The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
Chinese is rated as one of the most difficult languages to learn for people whose native language is English, together with Arabic, Japanese and Korean. [28] According to the Foreign Service Institute, a native English speaker needs over 2,200 hours of intensive study, taking 88 weeks (one year and about 8 months), to learn Mandarin. [29]
Each of the bands has two levels. Therefore, there are a total of eight levels: Novice 1 and 2, followed by Levels 1 to 6. The items on the test of each level are 50 multiple choice items, to be answered in 60 minutes. Test takers can choose the test levels best suited to them based on their Chinese language proficiency and learning background.
In the tables, the first two columns contain the Chinese characters representing the classifier, in traditional and simplified versions when they differ. The next four columns give pronunciations in Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, using pinyin; Cantonese, in Jyutping and Yale, respectively; and Minnan (Taiwan).
The test consists of five sections: [1] [3] Reading 100 monosyllabic words to test pronunciation. (10%) Reading 100 polysyllabic words to test pronunciation. (20%) Reading out the correct form from several choices, to test vocabulary and syntax. (10%) Reading a 400-character passage to test fluency. (30%)
Written Chinese is a writing system that uses Chinese characters and other symbols to represent the Chinese languages.Chinese characters do not directly represent pronunciation, unlike letters in an alphabet or syllabograms in a syllabary.
This tone is known in traditional Chinese linguistics as the entering (入 rù) tone, a term commonly used in English as well. The other three tones were termed the level (or even ) tone ( 平 píng ), the rising ( 上 shǎng ) tone, and the departing (or going ) tone ( 去 qù ). [ 2 ]