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  2. Rashidun Caliphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate

    The Rashidun Caliphate (Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ, romanized: al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) consisted of the first four successive caliphs (lit. 'successors') — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali, collectively known as the Rashidun, or "Rightly Guided" caliphs (الْخُلَفاءُ الرّاشِدُونَ, al-Khulafāʾ ar-Rāšidūn) and the short rule of Hasan ...

  3. Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazi_Athar_Mubarakpuri

    Mubarakpuri wrote books on the relation of Indians and Arabs. In this series his books include Arb-o-Hind Ahd-e-Risalat Mai, Khilafat-e-Rashida awr Hindustan, Khilafat Amwiyyah awr Hindustan, Khilafat Abbasiyah awr Hindustan and Hindustan mai Arbon ki hukumatein.

  4. List of caliphs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_caliphs

    The Khalīfatul Masīh (Arabic: خليفة المسيح; Urdu: خلیفہ المسیح; English: Successor of the Messiah), sometimes simply referred to as Khalifah (i.e. Caliph, successor), is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and is the successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who had taken ...

  5. Caliphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate

    A caliphate (Arabic: خِلَافَةْ, romanized: khilāfah) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph [1] [2] [3] (/ ˈ k æ l ɪ f, ˈ k eɪ-/; خَلِيفَةْ khalīfa [xæ'liːfæh], pronunciation ⓘ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim ...

  6. Khilafat o Malukiyat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khilafat_o_Malukiyat

    Khilafat o Mulukiyat (transl. Caliphate and Kingship) is a 1966 book by Abul Ala Maududi [1] as a refutation of the book, The Caliphate of Mu'awiyah and Yazid by Pakistani scholar Mahmood Ahmad Abbasi.

  7. The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Caliphate_or_the...

    Al-Khilafa aw al-Imama al-ʿUzma (transl. The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate; Arabic: الخلافة أو الإمامة العظمى) is an Islamic political treatise published by Syro-Egyptian Salafi Islamist theologian Rashid Rida in 1923.

  8. Rashidun - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun

    [76] [77] In particular, Muhammad announced his cousin and son-in-law, Ali, as his rightful successor shortly before his death at the event of Ghadir Khumm and on other occasions, e.g., at the event of Dhul Asheera. [32] Of course, as with the faith itself, the faithful were endowed with the free will not to follow Ali, to their own disadvantage.

  9. Aligarh Movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aligarh_Movement

    The Aligarh Movement introduced a new trend in Urdu literature. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and his association left the old style of writing in the Urdu language, which was rhetorical and academic, and started a simple style which helped Muslims to understand the main purpose of the movement. Sir Syed Ahmed was the central figure behind this awakening.