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The Kushan Empire (c. 30 –c. 375 AD) [a] was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of what is now Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Eastern Iran and Northern India, [16] [17] [18] at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath, near Varanasi, where inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the ...
Kipunada (Brahmi script: Ki-pu-ṇa-dha), also Kipanadha, was probably the last ruler of the Kushan Empire around 335-350 CE. [2] He is known for his gold coinage. [3] He succeeded Shaka I. Kipunada was probably only a local ruler in the area of Taxila, in western Punjab, and he may have been a subject of Gupta Emperor Samudragupta. [4]
Kanishka I, [a] also known as Kanishka the Great, [5] was an emperor of the Kushan dynasty, under whose reign (c. 127 –150 CE) the empire reached its zenith. [6] He is famous for his military, political, and spiritual achievements.
It is still unclear whether the Western Satraps were independent rulers or vassals of the Kushan Empire (30–375 CE). The continued use of the word "Satrap" on their coin would suggest a recognized subjection to a higher ruler, possibly the Kushan emperor. [120] The Western Satraps (orange) and the Kushan Empire (green), in the 2nd century CE
This dynasty became vassals of the Gupta Empire, but as the power of the Guptas waned, Mahendravarman (470–494 CE) performed two Ashvamedha (horse sacrifices) and threw off the imperial yoke. [ c ] The first of the three Kamarupa dynasties, the Varmans were followed by the Mlechchha and then the Pala dynasties.
The Hunas occupied areas as far south as Eran and Kausambi, greatly weakening the Gupta Empire. [2] The Hunas were ultimately defeated by a coalition of Indian princes [3] that included an Indian king Yasodharman and the Gupta emperor, Narasimhagupta. They defeated a Huna army and their ruler Mihirakula in 528 CE and drove them out of India. [4]
An indication is the fact that the Kushan ruler Huvishka featured Maaseno on his coins, the Kushan incarnation of the Hindu god Karttikeya, or Skanda, whose epithet was "Mahasena". This god being particularly important to the Yaudheyas, it may have been incorporated into Kushan coinage when the Kushans expanded into Yaudheya territory. [23] [22]