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The main differences in composition, when compared with austenitic stainless steel is that duplex steels have a higher chromium content, 20–28%; higher molybdenum, up to 5%; lower nickel, up to 9% and 0.05–0.50% nitrogen. Both the low nickel content and the high strength (enabling thinner sections to be used) give significant cost benefits.
Duplex stainless steels have a mixed microstructure of austenite and ferrite, the ideal ratio being a 50:50 mix, though commercial alloys may have ratios of 40:60. They are characterized by higher chromium (19–32%) and molybdenum (up to 5%) and lower nickel contents than austenitic stainless steels.
Duplex 2205 Stainless Steel (both austenitic and ferritic) is used in applications that require strength and good corrosion resistance. S31803 was endorsed in year 1996 whereas it underwent number of changes that led to discovery of UNS S32205 which is more widely used. Possible alternates for SAF 2205 are 904L Stainless Steel, UR52N+, 6%Mo and ...
However, duplex stainless steel can be susceptible to a phenomenon known as 475 °C (887 °F) embrittlement or duplex stainless steel age hardening, which is a type of aging process that causes loss of plasticity in duplex stainless steel when it is heated in the range of 250 to 550 °C (480 to 1,020 °F).
Zeron 100 Super Duplex was born from a research project undertaken by Dr Cecil Roscoe at the University of Manchester, England. Tasked by his then employer – Mather+Platt – with studying the effect of various alloying additions on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Zeron 25, he concluded that an optimum corrosion performance could be obtained from a duplex stainless ...
In 200 series stainless steels the structure is obtained by adding manganese and nitrogen, with a small amount of nickel content, making 200 series a cost-effective nickel-chromium austenitic type stainless steel. 300 series stainless steels are the larger subgroup. The most common austenitic stainless steel and most common of all stainless ...
However, with increasing chloride contents, higher alloyed stainless steels such as Type 2205 and super austenitic and super duplex stainless steels are used. [20] Important considerations to achieve optimum corrosion performance are: [21] the correct grade choice for the chloride content of the water; avoidance of crevices when possible by ...
Martensitic stainless steels can be high- or low-carbon steels built around the composition of iron, 12% up to 17% chromium, carbon from 0.10% (Type 410) up to 1.2% (Type 440C): [9] Up to about 0.4%C they are used mostly for their mechanical properties in applications such as pumps, valves, and shafts.
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