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Linguistic typology (or language typology) is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison.
Native languages of Oceania fall into three major geographic groups: . The large Austronesian language family, with such languages as Malay (), Tagalog (), and Polynesian languages such as Māori and Hawaiian
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. [1] [2] [3] The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages), phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language, and analogous systems of sign languages), and pragmatics ...
The earliest scholar to notice the similarities between Balkan languages belonging to different families was the Slovenian scholar Jernej Kopitar in 1829. [4] August Schleicher (1850) [5] more explicitly developed the concept of areal relationships as opposed to genetic ones, and Franz Miklosich (1861) [6] studied the relationships of Balkan Slavic and Romance more extensively.
Comparative linguistics is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.. Genetic relatedness implies a common origin or proto-language and comparative linguistics aims to construct language families, to reconstruct proto-languages and specify the changes that have resulted in the documented languages.
Sub-fields of structure-focused linguistics include: Phonetics – study of the physical properties of speech (or signed) production and perception; Phonology – study of sounds (or signs) as discrete, abstract elements in the speaker's mind that distinguish meaning
While traditional linguistic studies had developed comparative methods (comparative linguistics), chiefly to demonstrate family relations between cognate languages, or to illustrate the historical developments of one or more languages, modern contrastive linguistics intends to show in what ways the two respective languages differ, in order to help in the solution of practical problems.
Linguistic anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life. It is a branch of anthropology that originated from the endeavor to document endangered languages and has grown over the past century to encompass most aspects of language structure and use.