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Acamprosate, sold under the brand name Campral, is a medication which reduces alcoholism cravings. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] It is thought to stabilize chemical signaling in the brain that would otherwise be disrupted by alcohol withdrawal . [ 6 ]
Acamprosate has been found to be effective in alleviating some of the post acute withdrawal symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Carbamazepine or trazodone may also be effective in the treatment of post acute withdrawal syndrome in regards to alcohol use.
Acamprosate reduces the risk of relapse amongst alcohol-dependent persons. [163] [164] Acamprosate is not recommended in those with advanced, decompensated liver cirrhosis due to the risk of liver toxicity. [134] Naltrexone is a competitive antagonist for opioid receptors, effectively blocking the effects of endorphins and opioids.
Antipsychotics by class Generic name Brand names Chemical class ATC code Typical antipsychotics; Acepromazine: Atravet, Acezine: phenothiazine: N05AA04
Acamprosate has shown effectiveness for patients with severe dependence, helping them to maintain abstinence for several weeks, even months. [26] Disulfiram produces a very unpleasant reaction when drinking alcohol that includes flushing, nausea and palpitations.
Disulfiram is used as a second-line treatment, behind acamprosate and naltrexone, for alcohol dependence. [7]Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to a harmless acetic acid derivative (acetyl coenzyme A).
Acamprosate: Though the mechanism of action is unclear, it is thought that Acamprosate modulates glutamate transmission. By modifying transmission along GABA and glutamine pathways, patients may experience decreased rewarding effects associated with alcohol intake and decreased withdrawal cravings.
This is a list of psychiatric medications used by psychiatrists and other physicians to treat mental illness or distress.. The list is ordered alphabetically according to the condition or conditions, then by the generic name of each medication.
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