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Acamprosate, sold under the brand name Campral, is a medication which reduces alcoholism cravings. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] It is thought to stabilize chemical signaling in the brain that would otherwise be disrupted by alcohol withdrawal . [ 6 ]
Acamprosate reduces the risk of relapse amongst alcohol-dependent persons. [163] [164] Acamprosate is not recommended in those with advanced, decompensated liver cirrhosis due to the risk of liver toxicity. [134] Naltrexone is a competitive antagonist for opioid receptors, effectively blocking the effects of endorphins and opioids.
Pharmacological treatments for alcohol addiction include drugs like naltrexone (opioid antagonist), disulfiram, acamprosate, and topiramate. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Rather than substituting for alcohol, these drugs are intended to affect the desire to drink, either by directly reducing cravings as with acamprosate and topiramate, or by producing ...
Disulfiram is used as a second-line treatment, behind acamprosate and naltrexone, for alcohol dependence. [7]Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to a harmless acetic acid derivative (acetyl coenzyme A).
Acamprosate: Though the mechanism of action is unclear, it is thought that Acamprosate modulates glutamate transmission. By modifying transmission along GABA and glutamine pathways, patients may experience decreased rewarding effects associated with alcohol intake and decreased withdrawal cravings.
A disulfiram-like drug is a drug that causes an adverse reaction to alcohol leading to nausea, vomiting, flushing, dizziness, throbbing headache, chest and abdominal discomfort, and general hangover-like symptoms among others.
The modern disease theory of alcoholism states that problem drinking is sometimes caused by a disease of the brain, characterized by altered brain structure and function.. Today, alcohol use disorder (AUD) is used as a more scientific and suitable approach to alcohol dependence and alcohol-related proble
Currently, the FDA has approved three medications—naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram—for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, there is insufficient data regarding the safety of these medications for pregnant women. [57] Naltrexone is a nonselective opioid antagonist that is used to treat AUD and opioid use disorder. [58]