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[1] Primary herpes simplex infection, when occurring in pregnant women, has an increased risk of dissemination and hepatitis, an otherwise rare complication in immunocompetent adults, particularly during the third trimester. [1] Also, recurrences of herpes genitalis increase in frequency during pregnancy. [1]
Serious side effects from the hepatitis B vaccine are very uncommon. [13] Pain may occur at the site of injection. [13] It is safe for use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. [13] It has not been linked to Guillain–Barré syndrome. [13] Hepatitis B vaccines are produced with recombinant DNA techniques and contain immunologic adjuvant. [13]
HBIG should be given within 14 days of exposure to the hepatitis B virus. [7] The half-life of HBIG is about 3 weeks. In lieu of a booster administration of HBIG, a hepatitis B vaccination is initiated at the time of the initial HBIG administration, thus providing long term protection.
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; [1] [6] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [7] It can cause both acute and chronic infection . [ 1 ]
Immunization during pregnancy is the administration of a vaccine to a pregnant individual. [1] This may be done either to protect the individual from disease or to induce an antibody response, such that the antibodies cross the placenta and provide passive immunity to the infant after birth.
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination. Effective treatments for hepatitis C are available but costly. [6] In 2013, about 1.5 million people died from viral hepatitis, most commonly due to hepatitis B and C. [6] East Asia, in particular Mongolia, is the region most affected. [6]
About 1–2% of cases of hepatitis E can lead to fulminant hepatitis, but pregnant women are particularly susceptible, occurring in up to 20% of cases. [121] Mortality rates in cases of fulminant hepatitis rise over 80%, but those patients that do survive often make a complete recovery.
Every year an estimated 1.5 million people will become newly infected and roughly 10% of those individuals will go undiagnosed. Every year, an estimated 820,000 people die from hepatitis B infection and related HBV complications. [76] The spread of HBV during pregnancy remains the highest risk for developing chronic hepatitis B later in childhood.