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Caput succedaneum is a benign neonatal condition involving a serosanguinous (containing blood and serum), subcutaneous, extra-periosteal fluid collection with poorly defined margins caused by the pressure on the presenting part of the fetal scalp by the vaginal walls and uterus as the infant passes through a narrowed cervix during delivery.
The perineum and cervix are further flattened and the head may be felt vaginally. [2] Head engagement is known colloquially as the baby drop, and in natural medicine as the lightening because of the release of pressure on the upper abdomen and renewed ease in breathing. However, it severely reduces bladder capacity resulting in a need to void ...
The fetal head then continues descent into the pelvis, below the pubic arch and out through the vaginal opening. This is assisted by the additional maternal efforts of pushing, or bearing down, similar to defecation. The appearance of the fetal head at the vaginal opening is termed crowning. At this point, the mother will feel an intense ...
Bleeding before childbirth is that which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy. [4] Bleeding may be vaginal or less commonly into the abdominal cavity. Bleeding which occurs before 24 weeks is known as early pregnancy bleeding. Causes of bleeding before and during childbirth include cervicitis, placenta previa, placental abruption and uterine rupture.
Cervical ectropion, dysplasia, polyps or cervical carcinoma may cause lesions in the cervix leading to minor haemorrhaging or spotting. Abrasion or slight trauma caused by intercourse, clinical examinations and pap smear may also cause spotting from the cervix. Vaginal bleeding from atrophy, vaginitis, and ulcers also attribute to minor ...
It is the most common cause of early pregnancy bleeding and is associated only with heavy (versus light) bleeding. [8] However, patients typically remain hemodynamically stable. Threatened early pregnancy loss, often considered a type of early pregnancy loss, refers vaginal bleeding in the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy and a closed cervix.
Cervical dilation measures how dilated the cervix is in centimeters; Position refers to the position of the cervix relative to the fetal head and pelvis [10] Effacement assesses the thinning and shortening of the cervix in comparison to the whole cervix length; Consistency of the cervix refers to the firmness of the cervix
Causes of vaginal bleeding early in pregnancy include miscarriage (including inevitable, incomplete, or complete abortion), embryo implantation and growth outside the uterus (ectopic pregnancy), and placenta attachment at the bottom of the uterus over the cervix (placenta previa), all of which can cause significant bleeding.