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Where risks or harms is the reason for withdrawal, this will usually have been prompted by unexpected adverse effects that were not detected during Phase III clinical trials, i.e. they were only made apparent from postmarketing surveillance data collected from the wider community over longer periods of time.
Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin (/ ˈ r ɪ t ə l ɪ n / RIT-ə-lin) and Concerta (/ k ə n ˈ s ɜːr t ə / kən-SUR-tə) [citation needed] among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, [1] as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid prescription.
3D molecular rendering of methylphenidate (MPH). This is a list of methylphenidate (MPH or MPD) analogues, or Phenidates.The most well known compound from this family, methylphenidate, is widely prescribed around the world for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and certain other indications.
Products containing dexmethylphenidate have a side effect profile comparable to those containing methylphenidate. [ 13 ] Addiction experts in psychiatry, chemistry, pharmacology, forensic science , epidemiology, and the police and legal services engaged in delphic analysis regarding 20 popular recreational drugs.
[144] [145] In contrast, levomethamphetamine is an over-the-counter drug in the United States. [note 1] In low doses, methamphetamine can cause an elevated mood and increase alertness, concentration, and energy in fatigued individuals. [94] [139] At higher doses, it can induce psychosis, rhabdomyolysis, and cerebral hemorrhage.
threo-4-Methylmethylphenidate (4-MeTMP) is a stimulant drug related to methylphenidate.It is slightly less potent than methylphenidate and has relatively low efficacy at blocking dopamine reuptake despite its high binding affinity, which led to its investigation as a possible substitute drug for treatment of stimulant abuse (cf. nocaine). [1]
Originally available only by prescription, it was approved by the FDA for over-the-counter sale in February 2007. [32] In May 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a revised label for Xenical to include new safety information about rare cases of severe liver injury that have been reported with the use of this medication. [33]
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