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The Bourbon reforms have been termed "a revolution in government" for their sweeping changes to the structure of the administration, which sought to strengthen the power of the Spanish state, decrease the power of local elites in favor of office holders from the Iberian peninsula, and increase revenues for the crown. [13]
Unlike the absolutist Ancien Régime, the Restoration Bourbon regime was a constitutional monarchy, with some limits on its power. The new king, Louis XVIII, accepted the vast majority of reforms instituted from 1792 to 1814. Continuity was his basic policy. He did not try to recover land and property taken from the royalist exiles.
The Restoration period was characterized by political instability, economic challenges, and social unrest. Key issues that defined the period include: [1] [2] Political conservatism: The Restoration was marked by a resurgence of conservative politics and the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy.
Allegory of the Return of the Bourbons on 24 April 1814 : Louis XVIII Lifting France from Its Ruins by Louis-Philippe Crépin. King Louis XVIII made a triumphal return to Paris on 3 May 1814, accompanied by members of the provisional Council of State, commissaires of the ministerial departments, Marshals of France, and generals.
European politics at the end of the 17th century became dominated by establishing an orderly succession in Spain that would not alter the balance between Europe's great powers. Bourbon France and Habsburg Austria and its allies went to war to determine the successor to Charles. The prize was the wealth of the Spanish Empire.
After the War of the Spanish Succession, the Bourbon dynasty was to rule the Spanish crown, on the concession to their enemies that the Spanish and French crowns were never merged, and the cession of Spanish possessions elsewhere in Europe. Once they consolidated rule in Spain, the Bourbon monarchs embarked upon a series of reforms to ...
The First Restoration was a period in French history that saw the return of the House of Bourbon to the throne, between the abdication of Napoleon in the spring of 1814 and the Hundred Days in March 1815.
The former kingdoms of Naples and Sicily were formally united following the 1815 Congress of Vienna to become the Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.Both geographic areas had previously formed the single Kingdom of Sicily created by the Normans in the 11th century, but split in two following the War of the Sicilian Vespers in 1302.