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  2. Marine navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_navigation

    Navigation and location of the ship by geopositioning techniques based on the observation of the stars and other celestial bodies. The variables measured to find the location are: the observed angular height of the stars above the horizon , measured with the sextant (formerly with the astrolabe or other instrument), and the time , measured with ...

  3. Dead reckoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_reckoning

    Aboard ship a dead reckoning plot is considered important in evaluating position information and planning the movement of the vessel. [8] Dead reckoning begins with a known position, or fix, which is then advanced, mathematically or directly on the chart, by means of recorded heading, speed, and time. Speed can be determined by many methods.

  4. Automatic identification system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_identification...

    Inertial systems are devices that measure a vessel position over time with motion sensors and gyroscopes. These devices estimate future positions based on velocity, acceleration, and orientation measurements. Detected anomalies that stray from the expected pattern can be flagged for closer inspection.

  5. Navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation

    Acoustic location is a method of navigation by the use of acoustic positioning systems which determine the position of an object by using sound waves. It is primarily used by submarines and ships fitted with sonar and similar transducer based technologies.

  6. Satellite navigation solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigation_solution

    Satellite navigation solution for the receiver's position (geopositioning) involves an algorithm.In essence, a GNSS receiver measures the transmitting time of GNSS signals emitted from four or more GNSS satellites (giving the pseudorange) and these measurements are used to obtain its position (i.e., spatial coordinates) and reception time.

  7. Set and drift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_and_drift

    A Dead Reckoning, DR, is calculated by using a previously determined position on a chart, and advancing that position based on known or estimated speed over a set amount of time. This can be calculated by using the formula Speed = Distance ÷ Time. [3] Once an advance position has been plotted, then set and drift can be factored in.

  8. Hydrographic survey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrographic_survey

    Neptune, a privately owned survey ship based in Chicago, Illinois. Clintons Northern Storm in the harbour of Ystad 7 July 2021. Hydrographic survey is the science of measurement and description of features which affect maritime navigation, marine construction, dredging , offshore wind farms, offshore oil exploration and drilling and related ...

  9. Celestial navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation

    A diagram of a typical nautical sextant, a tool used in celestial navigation to measure the angle between two objects viewed by means of its optical sight. Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the ...

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