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Autumn leaf color is a phenomenon that affects the normally green leaves of many deciduous trees and shrubs by which they take on, during a few weeks in the autumn season, various shades of yellow, orange, red, purple, and brown. [1]
The leaf stalks are usually red and are up to 10 cm (4 in) long. The leaves can turn a characteristic brilliant red in autumn, but can also become yellow or orange on some individuals. Soil acidity can influence the color of the foliage and trees with female flowers are more likely to produce orange coloration while male trees produce red.
Quercus rubra, the northern red oak, is an oak tree in the red oak group (Quercus section Lobatae). It is a native of North America, in the eastern and central United States and southeast and south-central Canada. It has been introduced to small areas in Western Europe, where it can frequently be seen cultivated in gardens and parks.
Red maples are named for the color of their flowers, fruit, and twigs, but these trees also produce brilliant red autumn foliage. Give this shade tree plenty of room to spread its roots.
Leaves also contain carotenoids, which produce yellow, orange and brown colors. In the autumn, they begin to produce more anthocyanin , which gives them red and purple hues.
The leaves are often tinged red on emergence, turning dark green by summer and a dull yellow in autumn. [6] The perfect , apetalous , wind-pollinated flowers are produced before the leaves in early spring, usually in tight, short-stalked, clusters of 10–20.
The autumn color is less pronounced than in many maples, generally ending up a pale yellow, although some specimens can produce a more brilliant yellow and even orange and red colorations. The tree has a tendency to color and drop its leaves slightly earlier in autumn than other maples. Samaras and leaves forming in April Female flowers
Many cultivars have been selected for distinctive leaf shapes or colorations, such as the dark purple of 'Crimson King' and 'Schwedleri', the variegated leaves of 'Drummondii', the light green of 'Emerald Queen', and the deeply divided, feathery leaves of 'Dissectum' and 'Lorbergii'. The purple-foliage cultivars have orange to red autumn colour.
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