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A helium atom is an atom of the chemical element helium. Helium is composed of two electrons bound by the electromagnetic force to a nucleus containing two protons along with two neutrons, depending on the isotope , held together by the strong force .
The unusual nuclear structures of such isotopes may offer insights into the isolated properties of neutrons and physics beyond the Standard Model. [28] [29] The shortest-lived isotope is 10 He with half-life ~260 yoctoseconds. 6 He beta decays with half-life 807 milliseconds. The most widely studied heavy helium isotope is 8 He.
The helium mass spectrometer was also vital in the atomic bomb Manhattan Project. ... helium is the second simplest atom to model, following the hydrogen atom. Helium ...
The Rutherford model is a name for the first model of an atom with a compact nucleus. The concept arose from Ernest Rutherford discovery of the nucleus. Rutherford directed the Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909, which showed much more alpha particle recoil than J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom could explain. Thomson's model had ...
1909 Ernest Rutherford and Thomas Royds demonstrate that alpha particles are doubly ionized helium atoms; 1909 Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden discover large angle deflections of alpha particles by thin metal foils; 1911 Ernest Rutherford explains the Geiger–Marsden experiment by invoking a nuclear atom model and derives the Rutherford cross ...
The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.
The model shown to the left represents a ball-and-stick model of proline. The balls have colours: black represents carbon (C); red , oxygen (O); blue , nitrogen (N); and white, hydrogen (H). Each ball is drilled with as many holes as its conventional valence (C: 4; N: 3; O: 2; H: 1) directed towards the vertices of a tetrahedron.
The helium atom. Depicted are the nucleus (pink) and the electron cloud distribution (black). The nucleus (upper right) in helium-4 is in reality spherically symmetric and closely resembles the electron cloud, although for more complicated nuclei this is not always the case. Helium-4 (4 He) is a stable isotope of the element helium.
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