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The thallus of a crustose lichen is usually only discernible because of the discolouration of the substrate. Some crustose lichens have thalli consisting of scattered or loosely grouped granules. Crustose lichens differ from the leprose lichen by having an upper cortex and algal cells that are located directly beneath the cortex. The thallus of ...
[23] [24] Crustose lichens lack a lower cortex, though most have an upper cortex. The photobiont layer lies just below the upper cortex. [25] Many crustose lichens have a ring of unlichenised fungal hyphae at their edges. This fringe, known as a prothallus, may be black, white or the same colour as the rest of the thallus. [26]
The lower cortex of foliose lichens often bears rootlike fungal structures known as rhizines, which serve to attach the thallus to the substrate on which it grows. Lichens also sometimes contain structures made from fungal metabolites, for example crustose lichens sometimes have a polysaccharide layer in the cortex. Although each lichen thallus ...
Crustose can come in a variety of colors such as yellow, orange, red, gray and green. These colors tend to be bright and vibrant. [6] Crustose is similar to other lichens because they share a similar internal morphology. The lichen's body is formed from filaments of the fungal partner.
Refers to crustose lichens whose thalli are almost immersed in tree bark; characteristic of several species in the Thelenellaceae. [250] The term was first used by Friedrich Wallroth in 1825. [3] See related: endophloeodic. hypothallus The first hyphae to grow in a crustose lichen; [251] often blackish in color, it is where rhizines originate ...
Chicitaea species are crustose lichens, meaning they grow as a tight crust that adheres closely to their substrate, typically tree bark. The thallus (main body of the lichen) can range from thin to thick and appears in shades from pale grey-green to olive-grey, with a surface that varies from smooth to warty or bumpy. These lichens reproduce in ...
Usnea filipendula – one of about 20,000 described species of lichen. The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to lichens.. Lichen – composite organism made up of multiple species – a fungal partner, one or more photosynthetic partners, which can be either green algae or cyanobacteria, and, in at least 52 genera of lichens, a yeast. [1]
A fruticose lichen may have flattened "branches", appearing similar to a foliose lichen, but the underside of a leaf-like structure on a fruticose lichen is the same color as the top side. The leaf-like lobes of a foliose lichen may branch, giving the appearance of a fruticose lichen, but the underside will be a different color from the top side.