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2. Atom economy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_economy

   Atom economy. Atom economy (atom efficiency/percentage) is the conversion efficiency of a chemical process in terms of all atoms involved and the desired products produced. The simplest definition was introduced by Barry Trost in 1991 and is equal to the ratio between the mass of desired product to the total mass of reactants, expressed as a percentage.

3. Non-random two-liquid model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-random_two-liquid_model

   VLE of the mixture of chloroform and methanol plus NRTL fit and extrapolation to different pressures. The non-random two-liquid model [1] (abbreviated NRTL model) is an activity coefficient model introduced by Renon and Prausnitz in 1968 that correlates the activity coefficients of a compound with its mole fractions in the liquid phase concerned.

4. Conversion (chemistry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_(chemistry)

   Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...

5. Energy conversion efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conversion_efficiency

   The energy efficiency of a process involving chemical change may be expressed relative to these theoretical minima or maxima.The difference between the change of enthalpy and the change of Gibbs energy of a chemical transformation at a particular temperature indicates the heat input required or the heat removal (cooling) required to maintain ...

6. Thermodynamic activity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_activity

   The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.

7. Ligand efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand_efficiency

   Ligand efficiency is a measurement of the binding energy per atom of a ligand to its binding partner, such as a receptor or enzyme. [ 1 ] Ligand efficiency is used in drug discovery research programs to assist in narrowing focus to lead compounds with optimal combinations of physicochemical properties and pharmacological properties.

8. Van 't Hoff equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_'t_Hoff_equation

   The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".

9. Yield (chemistry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_(chemistry)

   The stoichiometry of a chemical reaction is based on chemical formulas and equations that provide the quantitative relation between the number of moles of various products and reactants, including yields. [8] Stoichiometric equations are used to determine the limiting reagent or reactant—the reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction ...