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However, in the lighting industry it is often associated with the lighting power allowance (LPA) permitted by the building energy code in question. The Oregon Department of Energy defines lighting power density as "The maximum allowable lighting density permitted by the code. It is expressed in watts per square foot for a given occupancy/space ...
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
Several measures of light are commonly known as intensity: Radiant intensity , a radiometric quantity measured in watts per steradian (W/sr) Luminous intensity , a photometric quantity measured in lumens per steradian (lm/sr), or candela (cd)
A foot-candle (sometimes foot candle; abbreviated fc, lm/ft 2, or sometimes ft-c) is a non-SI unit of illuminance or light intensity. The foot-candle is defined as one lumen per square foot. This unit is commonly used in lighting layouts in parts of the world where United States customary units are used, mainly the United States. [ 1 ]
The lux (symbol: lx) is the unit of illuminance, or luminous flux per unit area, in the International System of Units (SI). [1] [2] It is equal to one lumen per square metre.In photometry, this is used as a measure of the irradiance, as perceived by the spectrally unequally responding human eye, of light that hits or passes through a surface.
The frequency of light used in the definition corresponds to a wavelength in a vacuum of 555 nm, which is near the peak of the eye's response to light. If the 1 candela source emitted uniformly in all directions, the total radiant flux would be about 18.40 mW , since there are 4 π steradians in a sphere.
Luminous efficacy of radiation measures the fraction of electromagnetic power which is useful for lighting. It is obtained by dividing the luminous flux by the radiant flux . [ 4 ] Light wavelengths outside the visible spectrum reduce luminous efficacy, because they contribute to the radiant flux, while the luminous flux of such light is zero.
A tea light-type candle, imaged with a luminance camera; false colors indicate luminance levels per the bar on the right (cd/m 2). Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. [1]