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Three iterations of the Peano curve construction, whose limit is a space-filling curve.. In mathematical analysis, a space-filling curve is a curve whose range reaches every point in a higher dimensional region, typically the unit square (or more generally an n-dimensional unit hypercube).
Where v is velocity, x, y, and z are Cartesian coordinates in 3-dimensional space, c is the constant representing the universal speed limit, and t is time, the four-dimensional vector v = (ct, x, y, z) = (ct, r) is classified according to the sign of c 2 t 2 − r 2. A vector is timelike if c 2 t 2 > r 2, spacelike if c 2 t 2 < r 2, and null or ...
An important component to the analysis of data used to determine the age of the universe (e.g. from Planck) therefore is to use a Bayesian statistical analysis, which normalizes the results based upon the priors (i.e. the model). [11] This quantifies any uncertainty in the accuracy of a measurement due to a particular model used. [27] [28]
The dark-energy-dominated era began after the matter-dominated era, i.e. when the Universe was about 9.8 billion years old. [13] In the era of cosmic inflation, the Hubble parameter is also thought to be constant, so the expansion law of the dark-energy-dominated era also holds for the inflationary prequel of the big bang.
The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (FLRW; / ˈ f r iː d m ə n l ə ˈ m ɛ t r ə ... /) is a metric that describes a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding (or otherwise, contracting) universe that is path-connected, but not necessarily simply connected.
In that early age, a moderate greenhouse effect comparable to today's would have been sufficient to explain a largely ice-free Earth. Evidence for a more active early Sun has been found in meteorites. [25] The temperature minimum around 2.4 Ga goes along with a cosmic ray flux modulation by a variable star formation rate in the Milky Way. The ...
As an application example, the steady-state space-charge-limited current across a piece of intrinsic silicon with a charge-carrier mobility of 1500 cm 2 /V-s, a relative dielectric constant of 11.9, an area of 10 −8 cm 2 and a thickness of 10 −4 cm can be calculated by an online calculator to be 126.4 μA at 3 V. Note that in order for this ...
A graphical view of the Cosmic Calendar, featuring the months of the year, days of December, the final minute, and the final second. The Cosmic Calendar is a method to visualize the chronology of the universe, scaling its currently understood age of 13.8 billion years to a single year in order to help intuit it for pedagogical purposes in science education or popular science.