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Flattening is a measure of the compression of a circle or sphere along a diameter to form an ellipse or an ellipsoid of revolution respectively. Other terms used are ellipticity , or oblateness . The usual notation for flattening is f {\displaystyle f} and its definition in terms of the semi-axes a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} of ...
Dry flattening the paper of a print can sometimes remove signs of cockling, creasing, or wrinkling, In this process, the print is laid flat on a surface, and the weight of another object is used to add even pressure across the print. Sometimes flattening can be unnecessary, such as when storing items in a folder may be suitable instead. [8]
The term is based on the word "whet", which means to sharpen a blade, [3] [4] not on the word "wet". The verb nowadays to describe the process of using a sharpening stone for a knife is simply to sharpen, but the older term to whet is still sometimes used, though so rare in this sense that it is no longer mentioned in, for example, the Oxford Living Dictionaries.
Ashlar may also be random, which involves stone blocks laid with deliberately discontinuous courses and therefore discontinuous joints both vertically and horizontally. In either case, it generally uses a joining material such as mortar to bind the blocks together, although dry ashlar construction, metal ties, and other methods of assembly have ...
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A water table is a projection of lower masonry on the outside of a wall, slightly above the ground, or at the top of a wainscot section of a wall (in this case also known as a sill). It is both a functional and architectural feature that consists of a projection that deflects water running down the face of a building away from lower courses or ...
Using Plug and Feathers Video of a stone block being split with plug and feathers; Drilling and splitting Video explaining the process from drilling, placing supports and use of plug and feathers; with timing; Different methods for splitting stone using hand tools Includes photographs of the tools and the different type of quarry marks left by ...
William Henry Playfair, University of Edinburgh: bevelled edges of each stone block emphasise the voussoirs, which have a curved base and together form a semi-circle at the top of each arch. A voussoir ( / v u ˈ s w ɑːr / ) is a wedge-shaped element, typically a stone, which is used in building an arch or vault .