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Rate-of-return regulation (also cost-based regulation) is a system for setting the prices charged by government-regulated monopolies, such as public utilities. It attempts to set prices at efficient (non-monopolistic, competitive) levels [ 1 ] equal to the efficient costs of production, plus a government-permitted rate of return on capital.
voltage regulators, which are essentially transformers with tap changers to adjust the voltage along the feeder, so as to compensate for the voltage drop over distance; and; capacitors, which reduce the voltage drop along the feeder by reducing current flow to loads consuming reactive power.
An engine–generator is the combination of an electrical generator and an engine (prime mover) mounted together to form a single piece of equipment. This combination is also called an engine–generator set or a gen-set. In many contexts, the engine is taken for granted and the combined unit is simply called a generator. An engine–generator ...
Early automobile generators and alternators had a mechanical voltage regulator using one, two, or three relays and various resistors to stabilize the generator's output at slightly more than 6.7 or 13.4 V to maintain the battery as independently of the engine's rpm or the varying load on the vehicle's electrical system as possible.
Explorer 500 Portable Power Station with Solar Panel. The Jackery Explorer 500 sits in the middle of the brand’s Explorer 300 and Explorer 1500 models also included in this guide.
set price controls or a rate-of-return for the regulated company. The functions of regulatory agencies in prolong "collaborative governance" provide for generally non-adversarial regulation. [ 6 ] Ex post actions taken by regulatory agencies can be more adversarial and involve sanctions, influencing rulemaking , and creating quasi-common law. [ 7 ]
The setting of price controls in the form of price-cap regulation or rate-of-return regulation, especially for natural monopolies. Where there is non-compliance, this can result in: Financial penalties; or; A de-licensing process through which an organization or person, if judged to be operating unsafely, is ordered to stop or suffer a penalty.
Walmart's biggest competitor, Amazon (), launched its creator-driven sales platform — Amazon Influencers — five years ago.With Amazon, creators make a fixed commission rate that ranges from 2% ...