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Approximation is a key word generally employed within the title of a directive, for example the Trade Marks Directive of 16 December 2015 serves "to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks". [11] The European Commission describes approximation of law as "a unique obligation of membership in the European Union". [10]
First-order approximation is the term scientists use for a slightly better answer. [3] Some simplifying assumptions are made, and when a number is needed, an answer with only one significant figure is often given ("the town has 4 × 10 3, or four thousand, residents"). In the case of a first-order approximation, at least one number given is exact.
Techniques to hold the reader's attention include keeping the opening sentence to the point, showing attitude, shocking, and being controversial. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] One of the most famous opening lines, " It was the best of times, it was the worst of times ", starts a sentence of 118 words [ 4 ] that draws the reader in by its contradiction; the first ...
Estimation (or estimating) is the process of finding an estimate or approximation, which is a value that is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. The value is nonetheless usable because it is derived from the best information available. [ 1 ]
An order of magnitude is an approximation of the logarithm of a value relative to some contextually understood reference value, usually 10, interpreted as the base of the logarithm and the representative of values of magnitude one.
In mathematics, approximation theory is concerned with how functions can best be approximated with simpler functions, and with quantitatively characterizing the errors introduced thereby. What is meant by best and simpler will depend on the application.
A notable example of an approximation algorithm that provides both is the classic approximation algorithm of Lenstra, Shmoys and Tardos [2] for scheduling on unrelated parallel machines. The design and analysis of approximation algorithms crucially involves a mathematical proof certifying the quality of the returned solutions in the worst case ...
Consider a numerical approximation , where is a parameter characterizing the approximation, such as the step size in a finite difference scheme or the diameter of the cells in a finite element method.