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A subsidiary, subsidiary company, or daughter company [1] [2] [3] is a company completely or partially owned or controlled by another company, called the parent company or holding company, which has legal and financial control over the subsidiary company.
A holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the securities of other companies. [1] A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself. Its purpose is to own stock of other companies to form a corporate group .
The holding company oversees its subsidiaries without offering products or services of its own. A bank holding company, in particular, has a controlling interest in one or more banks.
A conglomerate usually has a parent company that owns and controls many subsidiaries, which are legally independent but financially and strategically dependent on the parent company. Conglomerates are often large and multinational corporations that have a global presence and a diversified portfolio of products and services.
A corporate group is composed of companies. The general rule is that a company is a separate legal entity from its shareholders, that is the shareholder's liability for the subsidiary's debts is limited to the value of the shares, [3] and the shareholders cannot be required to perform the company's obligations.
A conglomerate is a combination of multiple business entities operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries. Conglomerates are typically large and multinational corporations that manage diverse business operations across various sectors.
A company or firm in which the holding company owns a significant portion of voting shares, usually 20–50% or a "minority of share ownership", is known as an associate company. A company in which the holding company owns more than 50% voting shares or a "majority of share ownership" is known as a subsidiary. The holding company thus can also ...
A non-operating subsidiary, in contrast, is a subsidiary that exists on paper, but does not have any assets or employees of its own and therefore cannot function independently as a going business concern. Thus, its only actual business "operations" may consist of its officers entering into contracts with other corporate entities (which may or ...