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Criminal cases in England and Wales are usually brought by the Crown Prosecution Service, with the the crown acting as the prosecuting party. (Case names reflect this: a case against Mr Smith would be styled R v Smith , with R being short for Rex or Regina, that is, the King or Queen , and the v standing for "versus".)
s271(3): A person is liable to arrest and detention under this section if the person is in the act of committing, or has just committed an indictable offence; or theft (whether the theft is a summary or indictable offence); or an offence against the person (whether the offence is summary or indictable); or an offence involving interference with ...
Section 13(1) of the Terrorism Act 2000, which provides that it is a criminal offense for a person in a public place to carry or display an article "in such a way or in such circumstances as to arouse reasonable suspicion that he is a member or supporter of a proscribed organisation", creates a strict liability offence.
History of the Criminal Law of England (1883). Radzinowicz, Sir Leon. A History of English Criminal Law and Its Administration from 1750. 5 volumes. 1948 to 1990. John Hostettler. A History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales. Waterside Press. 2009. Google Books; John Hamilton Baker. An Introduction to English Legal History. Third Edition.
For an adult, summary trials take place in a magistrates' court, while trials on indictment take place in the Crown Court. Despite the possibility of two venues for trial, almost all criminal cases, however serious, commence in the magistrates' courts. Offences may also be deemed "either way", depending on the seriousness of the individual offence.
Offences of disturbing public worship. Offences under section 2 of the Ecclesiastical Courts Jurisdiction Act 1860; Offences under section 7 of the Burial Laws Amendment Act 1880; Offences under section 59 of the Cemeteries Clauses Act 1847; Offences under articles 18 and 19 of the Local Authorities' Cemeteries Order 1977 (SI 1977/204)
In England and Wales, battery is a summary offence under section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988. However, by virtue of section 40, it can be tried on indictment where another indictable offence is also charged which is founded on the same facts or together with which it forms part of a series of offences of similar character.
The nuisance action began in twelfth century England as a criminal writ, belonging only to the Crown. It was used in cases that involved encroachments upon the King's land or the blocking of public roads or waterways. The King sought to punish these criminal infringements, commonly known as "purprestures", through criminal proceedings.