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X-rays of hip dysplasia are one of the two main methods of medical imaging to diagnose hip dysplasia, the other one being medical ultrasonography. [1] [2] Ultrasound imaging yields better results defining the anatomy until the cartilage is ossified. When the infant is around 3 months old a clear roentgenographic image can be achieved.
Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. [1] Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. [1] Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. [3]
There are typically four classes (or types) of PFFD, ranging from class A to class D, as detailed by Aitken. [4] [5]Type A — The femur bone is slightly shorter on the proximal end (near the hip), and the femoral head (the ball of the thigh bone that goes into the hip socket) may not be solid enough to be seen on X-rays at birth, but later hardens (ossifies).
Coxa vara is a deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees. This results in the leg being shortened and the development of a limp. It may be congenital and is commonly caused by injury, such as a fracture.
An acetabular labrum tear or hip labrum tear is a common injury of the acetabular labrum resulting from a number of causes including running, hip dislocation, and deterioration with ageing. Most are thought to result from a gradual tear due to repetitive microtrauma .
Hip dislocations can also occur following a hip replacement or from a developmental abnormality known as hip dysplasia. [6] Hip dislocations are classified by fracture association and by the positioning of the dislocated femoral head. [7] [8] A posteriorly positioned head is the most common dislocation type. [5] Hip dislocations are a medical ...
Often, every joint in a patient with arthrogryposis is affected; in 84% all limbs are involved, in 11% only the legs, and in 4% only the arms are involved. [4] Every joint in the body, when affected, displays typical signs and symptoms: for example, the shoulder (internal rotation); wrist (volar and ulnar); hand (fingers in fixed flexion and thumb in palm); hip (flexed, abducted and externally ...
Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. [4] Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. [5] Occasionally one leg may be shorter than the other. [4] The left hip is more often affected than the right. [5] Complications without treatment can include arthritis, limping, and low back pain. [5]