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  2. Vibro stone column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibro_stone_column

    Stone columns are made across the area to be improved in a triangular or rectangular grid pattern. They have been used in Europe since the 1950s, and in the United States since the 1970s. [ 1 ] Column depth depends on local soil strata, and usually penetrates weak soil.

  3. List of places with columnar jointed volcanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_with...

    Basalt columns seen on Porto Santo Island, Portugal. Columnar jointing of volcanic rocks exists in many places on Earth. Perhaps the most famous basalt lava flow in the world is the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, in which the vertical joints form polygonal columns and give the impression of having been artificially constructed.

  4. Columnar jointing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnar_jointing

    Columnar jointing in Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland Columnar jointing in the Alcantara Gorge, Sicily. Columnar jointing is a geological structure where sets of intersecting closely spaced fractures, referred to as joints, result in the formation of a regular array of polygonal prisms (basalt prisms), or columns.

  5. Columns of Rajajil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columns_of_Rajajil

    One of the column groups. The Rajajel Columns is an archaeological site of pillars carved from sandstone thought to be 6,000 years old. It is located in the Al Jawf Region in Saudi Arabia. Specifically situated in the suburb of Qara south of Sakakah, it consists of 50 groups of erected stone columns called Rajajil. Some of the existing columns ...

  6. Devils Postpile National Monument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devils_Postpile_National...

    If the lava had cooled perfectly evenly, all of the columns would be expected to be hexagonal, but some of the columns have different polygonal cross-sections due to variations in cooling. A survey of 400 of the Postpile's columns found that 44.5% were 6-sided, 37.5% 5-sided, 9.5% 4-sided, 8.0% 7-sided, and 0.5% 3-sided. [ 17 ]

  7. Construction of the Egyptian pyramids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_of_the...

    During the earliest period, pyramids were constructed wholly of stone. Locally quarried limestone was the material of choice for the main body of these pyramids, while a higher quality of limestone quarried at Tura (near modern Cairo) was used for the outer casing.

  8. Dike (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dike_(geology)

    A dike of lamprophyre near the Shiprock volcanic plug, New Mexico, that has resisted the erosion that removed some of the softer rock into which the dike was originally intruded. A magmatic dike is a sheet of igneous rock that cuts across older rock beds. It is formed when magma fills a fracture in the older beds and then cools and solidifies.

  9. Giant's Causeway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant's_Causeway

    The Giant's Causeway (Irish: Clochán an Aifir) [1] is an area of approximately 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic fissure eruption. [3] [4] It is located in County Antrim on the north coast of Northern Ireland, about three miles (4.8 km) northeast of the town of Bushmills.

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