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The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and Uruguay until the latter achieved independence in 1828. The empire's government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Pedro I and his son Pedro II .
The land now known as Brazil was claimed by the Portuguese for the first time on 23 April 1500 when the Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral landed on its coast. Permanent settlement by the Portuguese followed in 1534, and for the next 300 years they slowly expanded into the territory to the west until they had established nearly all of the frontiers which constitute modern Brazil's borders.
At that time, a good percentage of the politicians elected in Brazil were of sacerdotal origin, since the recruitment of electors and the organization of the polls were carried out by priests. Clergymen received income from the Empire, making them equivalent to civil servants. All decisions made by the Church had to be approved by the Emperor. [22]
Brazil adopts the Metric system. [113] 1864: 7 October: American Civil War: Bahia incident: USS Wachusett illegally captures the CSS Florida Confederate raider while in port in Bahia, Brazil, in violation of Brazilian neutrality. 1864–1865: Uruguayan War: forces of the Empire of Brazil invade Uruguay in support of Venancio Flores' Colorado ...
The Imperial Constitution of 1824 was the one that for the longest time was in the history of Brazil, between 1824 and 1889. Politics of the Empire of Brazil took place in a framework of a quasi-federal parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Emperor of Brazil was the head of state and nominally head of government although the Prime Minister, called President of the ...
Brazil: The Once and Future Country (2nd ed. 1998), an interpretive synthesis of Brazil's history. Fausto, Boris, and Arthur Brakel. A Concise History of Brazil (Cambridge Concise Histories) (2nd ed. 2014) excerpt and text search; Garfield, Seth. In Search of the Amazon: Brazil, the United States, and the Nature of a Region. Durham: Duke ...
The Empire of Brazil had a GDP almost 40% higher than the one of Argentina in 1890 ($11 billion compared to $7 billion in 1990 US dollars). [31] By 1913, Argentina had the fourth greatest economy in the world, [32] a GDP per capita equal to Germany and the Netherlands and higher than Spain, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland. [33]
The imperial regime's downfall was in many ways tied to slavery. In the view of the progressives, the Empire of Brazil was very slow to act on slavery, which undoubtedly undermined its legitimacy over the years. Then the former slaveholders, after being denied compensation, turned to the Republican cause.