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Odanad (Malayalam: ōṭānāṭŭ, also known as Onattukara,Kayamkulam, Onad, Kallikoilon and Chirava Svaroopam) was a feudal state in late medieval Kerala. It was established in the 11th century, [ 1 ] and disestablished in 1746 when it became part of Travancore after Venad King Marthanda Varma 's northern expedition.
Most of the kingdoms were Hindu kingdoms, with instances of a few Brahmin royal families headed by Brahmin kings, for example, the Kingdom of Edapally. However, The Arakkal kingdom under the domain of the Kingdom of Calicut was Muslim, and The Kingdom of Villarvattom under the domain of the Kingdom of Cochin was Syrian Christian.
According to the 2001 Census of India, [8] Kayamkulam had a population of 65,299. Males constituted 49% of the population and females 51%. Kayamkulam had an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy was 84%, and female literacy is 79%. In Kayamkulam, 11% of the population was under six years of age.
The fast disappearing 'kavu' (small bushy thick forest) and ponds and other water bodies are the remnants of this ancient geography of the region. Kandalloor village became part of 'Kayamkulam kingdom' which was later annexed to 'Travancore kingdom' during the reign of king 'Marthanda Varma'
Alummoottil soldiers commanded infantry regiments and intelligence platoons within the Maharaja's army. This role briefly ended when King Marthanda Varma annexed the Kayamkulam kingdom to Travancore in 1746. [3] A few years after the annexation, Varma summoned the Alummoottil Karanavar and asked for the family's support.
During the mid-eighteenth century, Travancore's Raja, Marthanda Varma, decided to consolidate various independent kingdoms including Quilon, Kayamkulam and Elayadath Swaroopam (Kottarakkara) with Kingdom of Travancore. The plan was dismissive because of the presence of the Dutch, who fortified their base city of Quilon against such invasions.
Kayamkulam Kochunni, an outlaw known for helping the poor. [6] Keeleri Kunhikannan, a gymnast and martial artist. [7] Thacholi Othenan [4] Thevar vellan, the warrior Thacholi othenan could not defeat because of martial art skills [4] Unniyarcha [4]
The place got its name because the Karakkar (Small local divisions) used to fight for the right of the temple and led a battle. The army troops of Kayamkulam Kingdom had camped near the temple for protecting the kingdom from the attack of neighbouring kings. During this period, the village had some chieftains and their supporters.