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Pararenal fat is a fatty layer situated posterior to the renal compartment, and extending inferiorly into the iliac fossa. [7] It is situated posterior to the posterior aspect of renal fascia , and anterior to the aponeuroses of the retrorenal muscles.
Overlying the renal fascia and between this and the transverse fascia is a region of pararenal fat. [1] The renal capsule resists stretching, limiting renal swelling, with important implications for renal circulation. [2] Stretching of the renal capsule due to swelling of the kidney causes flank pain. [3]
The renal fascia separates the adipose capsule of kidney from the overlying pararenal fat. The deeper layers deep to the renal fascia are, in order, the adipose capsule (or perirenal fat), the renal capsule and finally the parenchyma of the renal cortex. [2] At the renal hilum, the renal capsule extends into the renal sinus. [1]
The kidney is surrounded by tough fibrous tissue, the renal capsule, which is itself surrounded by perirenal fat, renal fascia, and pararenal fat. The anterior (front) surface of these tissues is the peritoneum, while the posterior (rear) surface is the transversalis fascia. The superior pole of the right kidney is adjacent to the liver.
The AAA proteins contain two domains, an N-terminal alpha/beta domain that binds and hydrolyzes nucleotides (a Rossmann fold) and a C-terminal alpha-helical domain. [5] The N-terminal domain is 200-250 amino acids long and contains Walker A and Walker B motifs, [5] and is shared in common with other P-loop NTPases, the superfamily which includes the AAA family. [6]
Bile, pus, or blood released from viscera anywhere along its length may run along the paracolic gutter, and collect in sites quite remote from the organ of origin. [2] In supine patients, infected fluid from the right iliac fossa may ascend in the paracolic gutter to enter the lesser sac.
Extraperitoneal fascia (also: endoabdominal fascia or subperitoneal fascia) is a fascial plane – consisting mostly of loose areolar connective tissue – situated between the fascial linings of the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities (transversalis fascia, anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia, iliac fascia, and psoas fascia) externally, and the parietal peritoneum internally.
Similar to AAA, IAA occurs in the abdominal region. [1] IAA is closely associated and believed to be a response to and extensive peri-aneurysmal fibrosis, [ 2 ] which is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or reactive process IAA accounts for 5-10% of aortic aneurysms.