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Cellular immunity protects the body through: T-cell mediated immunity or T-cell immunity: activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells that are able to induce apoptosis in body cells displaying epitopes of foreign antigen on their surface, such as virus-infected cells, cells with intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells displaying tumor antigens;
T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on their cell surface. T cells are born from hematopoietic stem cells, [1] found in the bone marrow.
CD2 was shown to prime naive T cells (T N) even without CD28 or TCR. [2] Also, CD27 is a receptor constitutively expressed on T N (its expression is downregulated upon TCR stimulation) and enhances T cell proliferation. [9] The differentiation of T helper cells (T H) into different subsets also partially depends on their co-stimulatory molecules.
Once mature, T cells emigrate from the thymus to provide vital functions in the immune system. [11] [12] Each T cell has a distinct T cell receptor, suited to a specific substance, called an antigen. [12] Most T cell receptors bind to the major histocompatibility complex on cells of the body.
Concanavalin A (ConA) is a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) originally extracted from the jack-bean (Canavalia ensiformis).It is a member of the legume lectin family. It binds specifically to certain structures found in various sugars, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, mainly internal and nonreducing terminal α-D-mannosyl and α-D-glucosyl groups.
The term "NK T cells" was first used in mice to define a subset of T cells that expressed the natural killer (NK) cell-associated marker NK1.1 (CD161). It is now generally accepted that the term "NKT cells" refers to CD1d-restricted T cells , present in mice and humans, some of which coexpress a heavily biased, semi-invariant T-cell receptor ...
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An inflammatory cytokine is a type of cytokine (a signaling molecule) that is secreted from immune cells and certain other cell types that promotes inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are predominantly produced by T helper cells (T h) and macrophages and involved in the upregulation of inflammatory reactions. [1]