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Hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD or MVD) or portal atresia is a disorder where mixing of venous blood and arterial blood in the liver occurs at the microscopic level. It occurs most commonly in certain dog breeds such as the Cairn and Yorkshire terriers although any dog breed may be at risk. [1] [2] [3] This disease may also be found in cats.
Microtia is a congenital deformity where the auricle (external ear) is underdeveloped. A completely undeveloped auricle is referred to as anotia. Because microtia and anotia have the same origin, it can be referred to as microtia-anotia. [1] Microtia can be unilateral (one side only) or bilateral (affecting both sides).
Bronchial atresia is a rare congenital disease characterized by segmental or lobar emphysema and, in some cases, mucoid impaction. The exact cause of bronchial atresia is unknown; the lobar bronchi, subsegmental bronchi, and distal bronchioles develop in the fifth, sixth, and sixteenth weeks of fetal development, respectively.
The isolated cause, a cause not associated with a syndrome, of anotia or microtia is not known, though it is believed to be of genetic basis. Developmentally, anotia/microtia occurs when certain tissues associated with the auricle do not develop. This rare defect may occur as part of a syndrome or as an isolated abnormality.
Otocephaly, also known as agnathia–otocephaly complex, is a very rare and lethal cephalic disorder characterized by the absence of the mandible (), with the ears fused together just below the chin (synotia).
Microtia Freudenthal, 1976 (preoccupied) Mikrotia is an extinct rodent belonging to the Muridae . It lived during the upper Miocene (about 11.63 - 5 million years ago) and its fossil remains have been found in Italy ( Gargano ).
Incidence of congenital malformations associated with tracheal agenesis. Results were obtained from a total of 32 individual case studies. [11]The classic in-utero symptoms of tracheal agenesis are an absence of the trachea leading to congenital high airway obstruction syndrome, [12] [13] lung distention, polyhydramnios, heart malformations, heart displacement and hydrops fetalis.
Duodenal atresia is the congenital absence or complete closure of a portion of the lumen of the duodenum. It causes increased levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy ( polyhydramnios ) and intestinal obstruction in newborn babies.