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Auricularia auricula-judae, commonly known as wood ear, jelly ear, or more historically, Jew's ear, is a species of fungus in the order Auriculariales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are brown, gelatinous, and have a noticeably ear-like shape.
The genus was first introduced in 1780 by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard for a range of different fungi producing fruit bodies with an ear-like shape. In 1822 Christian Hendrik Persoon restricted the genus to two gelatinous species, Auricularia mesenterica (which became the type species) and A. sambuci (a synonym of Auricularia auricula-judae). [2]
Auricularia heimuer. Wood-ear or tree ear (Chinese: 木耳; pinyin: mù'ěr, Korean: 목이 버섯), also translated wood jellyfish or tree jellyfish (Japanese: キクラゲ, Hepburn: ki-kurage), can refer to a few similar-looking edible fungi used primarily in Chinese cuisine; these are commonly sold in Asian markets shredded and dried.
Auricularia auricula-judae, known as the Jew's ear, jelly ear or by a number of other common names, is a species of edible Auriculariales mushroom found worldwide. Distinguished by its noticeably ear-like shape and brown colouration, it grows upon wood, especially elder .
Several species within the order are edible and two, Auricularia heimuer and Auricularia cornea, are cultivated on a commercial scale, particularly in China and southeast Asia. They are widely exported, in a dried or powdered state, as "black fungus", "cloud ears", or "wood ears". [7]
Auricularia auricula-judae – wood ear, Judas' ear, black fungus, jelly ear; Auricularia polytricha – cloud ear; Calocera cornea; Calocera viscosa – yellow tuning fork, yellow stagshorn fungus; Dacrymyces palmatus – orange jelly; Dacryopinax spathularia; Exidia glandulosa – black jelly roll, witches' butter; Exidia recisa - amber jelly ...
In some these are conspicuous and may be ear-shaped, button-shaped, lobed, bracket-like, or effused. Their hymenophores (spore-bearing surfaces) may be smooth, warted, veined, toothed (as in the genus Pseudohydnum ), cyphelloid (as in the genus Heteroscypha ), or poroid (as in the genera Elmerina and Aporpium ).
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