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(1a) L-glutamine + H 2 O L-glutamate + NH 3 (1b) 2 ATP + HCO 3 − + NH 3 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2 ADP + phosphate + carbamoyl phosphate It is activated by ATP and PRPP [ 9 ] and it is inhibited by UTP (Uridine triphosphate) [ 10 ] Neither CPSI nor CPSII require biotin as a coenzyme, as seen with most carboxylation reactions.
A simplified reaction mechanism for N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS). Two mechanisms for N-acetyltransferase function have been proposed: a two-step, ping-pong mechanism involving transfer of the relevant acetyl group to an activated cysteine residue [10] and a one-step mechanism through direct attack of the amino nitrogen on the carbonyl group. [11]
CPSI is regulated by N-acetylglutamate which acts as an obligate allosteric activator of CPS1. NAG, by binding to domain L4, triggers changes in the A-loop and in Arg1453 that result in changing interactions with the T′-loop of domain L3, which reorganizes completely from a β-hairpin in the apo form to a widened loop in the ligand-bound form ...
A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
The most distinctive characteristic of TAL effectors is a central repeat domain containing between 1.5 and 33.5 repeats that are usually 34 residues in length (the C-terminal repeat is generally shorter and referred to as a “half repeat”). [7]
The property of the GAL1-GAL10 to bind the GAL4 protein is utilised in the GAL4/UAS technique for controlled gene mis-expression in Drosophila. This is the most popular form of binary expression in Drosophila melanogaster, a system which has been adapted for many uses to make Drosophila melanogaster one of the most genetically tractable multicellular organisms. [5]
Alteplase, sold under the brand name Activase among others, is a biosynthetic form of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). It is a thrombolytic medication used to treat acute ischemic stroke, acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (a type of heart attack), pulmonary embolism associated with low blood pressure, and blocked central venous catheter. [5]
In phosphors and scintillators, the activator is the element added as dopant to the crystal of the material to create desired type of nonhomogeneities. In luminescence , only a small fraction of atoms, called emission centers or luminescence centers , emit light.