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The triple helix model of innovation refers to a set of interactions between academia (the university), industry and government, to foster economic and social development, as described in concepts such as the knowledge economy and knowledge society. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] In innovation helical framework theory, each sector is represented by a circle ...
The quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework describes university-industry-government-public-environment interactions within a knowledge economy.In innovation helix framework theory, first developed by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff [1] [2] and used in innovation economics and theories of knowledge, such as the knowledge society and the knowledge economy, each sector is ...
The history of technology transfer is intimately linked with the history of the science policy of the United States.The foundation for modern American science policy laid way out in Vannevar Bush's letter in response to President Roosevelt's query about whether the US should maintain the high level of research funding it had been pouring into the Office of Scientific Research and Development ...
Since 1976, when the United States budget process was revised by the Budget Act of 1974 [1] the United States Federal Government has had funding gaps on 22 occasions. [2] [3] [4] Funding gaps did not lead to government shutdowns prior to 1980, when President Jimmy Carter requested opinions from Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti on funding gaps and the Antideficiency Act.
The early technological and industrial development in the United States was facilitated by a unique confluence of geographical, social, and economic factors. The relative lack of workers kept U.S. wages generally higher than salaries in Europe and provided an incentive to mechanize some tasks.
Technology gap. Technology Gap Theory is a model developed by M.V. Posner in 1961, which describes an advantage enjoyed by the country that introduces new goods in a market. [1] The country will enjoy a comparative advantage as well as a temporary state of monopoly until other countries have achieved the ability to imitate the new good.
But among the enumerated sectors, the government still serves as the most powerful sector as it has a direct hand in implementing policies. While the government is the most powerful, the most important stakeholder, but apparently the least involved in development of a policy, is actually the consumer or the regular citizens.
Educational technology as technological tools and media, for instance massive online courses, that assist in the communication of knowledge, and its development and exchange. This is usually what people are referring to when they use the term "edtech". Educational technology for learning management systems (LMS), such as tools for student and ...