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2. Tournament (graph theory) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournament_(graph_theory)

   In graph theory, a tournament is a directed graph with exactly one edge between each two vertices, in one of the two possible directions. Equivalently, a tournament is an orientation of an undirected complete graph .

3. Hamiltonian decomposition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_decomposition

   This is a graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a single directed edge, from one to the other; for instance, such a graph may describe the outcome of a round-robin tournament in sports, where each competitor in the tournament plays each other competitor, and edges are directed from the loser of each game to the winner.

4. Tournament solution - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournament_solution

   A tournament graph is a tuple (,) where is a set of vertices (called alternatives) and is a connex and asymmetric binary relation over the vertices. In social choice theory, the binary relation typically represents the pairwise majority comparison between alternatives.

5. Graph theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory

   In set theory and graph theory, denotes the set of n-tuples of elements of , that is, ordered sequences of elements that are not necessarily distinct. In the edge ( x , y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)} directed from x {\displaystyle x} to y {\displaystyle y} , the vertices x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} are called the endpoints of the ...

6. Sumner's conjecture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumner's_conjecture

   Thus, if true, Sumner's conjecture would give the best possible size of a universal graph for polytrees. However, in every tournament of 2 n − 2 {\displaystyle 2n-2} vertices, the average outdegree is n − 3 2 {\displaystyle n-{\frac {3}{2}}} , and the maximum outdegree is an integer greater than or equal to the average.

7. List of graph theory topics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_graph_theory_topics

   Bivariegated graph; Cage (graph theory) Cayley graph; Circle graph; Clique graph; Cograph; Common graph; Complement of a graph; Complete graph; Cubic graph; Cycle graph; De Bruijn graph; Dense graph; Dipole graph; Directed acyclic graph; Directed graph; Distance regular graph; Distance-transitive graph; Edge-transitive graph; Interval graph ...

8. Plateau effect - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau_effect

   Curve exhibiting a plateau between steeply ascending sections. The plateau effect is a phenomenon that lessens the effectiveness of once effective measures over time. An example of the plateau effect is when someone's exercise fails to be as effective as in the past, similar to the concept of diminishing returns.

9. Hockey stick graph (global temperature) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_stick_graph_(global...

   A "schematic diagram" of global temperature variations over the last thousand years [23] has been traced to a graph based loosely on Lamb's 1965 paper, nominally representing central England, modified by Lamb in 1982. [17] Mike Hulme describes this schematic diagram as "Lamb's sketch on the back of an envelope", a "rather dodgy bit of hand ...