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[1] The canon is part of a dialogue between Rama and Hanuman dealing with the inquiry into mukti in the Muktikā Upanishad (108 in the list). The other collections of Upanishads include Oupanekhat, a Persian language anthology of 50 Upanishads; the Colebrooke Collection of 52 Upanishads, and the 52 Upanishad Collection of Nārāyana. [8]
Many such lists exist but they are inconsistent across India in terms of which Upanishads are included and how the newer Upanishads are assigned to the ancient Vedas. In south India, the collected list based on Muktika Upanishad, [note 5] and published in Telugu language, became the most common by the 19th-century and this is a list of 108 ...
The terms kevala, kaivalya, or kaivalya-mukti are encountered in the Upanishads, including the Śvetāśvatara (1, 6), Kaivalya (25), Amṛtabindu (29) and Muktikā (1.18, 26, 31) Upanishads . [2] In the Muktika Upanishad (slokas 1.18–29), kaivalya, as explained by Rama to Hanuman, is the most superior form of moksha and the essence of all ...
The chronology of Mandukya Upanishad, like that of other Upanishads, is uncertain and contested. [12] The chronology is difficult to resolve because all opinions rest on scanty evidence, an analysis of archaism, style and repetitions across texts, driven by assumptions about likely evolution of ideas, and on presumptions about which philosophy might have influenced which other Indian philosophies.
Mantrika means "enchanter, reciter of spells", while 'Cūlikā' means "tip, summit, top of a column". [8] [9] The basis for the title of the Upanishad is unclear, but may refer to the phrases in the text on "pointed top of a pillar" and its extensive use of mantra metaphors and riddle-like terms from Atharvaveda known partly for its esoteric teachings of spells and enchantment.
The exact chronology of Mundaka Upanishad, like other Vedic texts, is unclear. [7] All opinions rest on scanty evidence, an analysis of archaism, style and repetitions across texts, driven by assumptions about likely evolution of ideas, and on presumptions about which philosophy might have influenced which other Indian philosophies.
Starting with the middle Upanishad era, moksha – or equivalent terms such as mukti and kaivalya – is a major theme in many Upanishads. For example, Sarasvati Rahasya Upanishad, one of several Upanishads of the bhakti school of Hinduism, starts out with prayers to Goddess Sarasvati.
Pages in category "Upanishads" The following 122 pages are in this category, out of 122 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...