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Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [1]: 784 [2]: 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. [3] This generally resolves without complication.
Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail from the nail bed. Common causes include localized infection, minor injury to the matrix bed, or severe systemic illness. It is sometimes a side effect of chemotherapy or x-ray treatments for cancer. A new nail plate will form once the cause of the disease is removed.
Nails may also be affected. [5] The most common cause is Trichophyton rubrum. [2] The infection can result from touching another area of the body with a fungal infection such as athlete's foot or fungal infection of groin, contact with an infected person or animal, or from contact with soil or contaminated towels. [5]
The Latin names are for the conditions (disease patterns), not the agents that cause them. The disease patterns below identify the type of fungus that causes them only in the cases listed: Dermatophytosis Tinea pedis (athlete's foot): fungal infection of the feet; Tinea unguium: fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails, and the nail bed
The most common symptom of a fungal nail infection is the nail becoming thickened and discoloured: white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses the nail can become brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming away from the toe or finger completely.
Also known as "true" leukonychia, this is the most common form of leukonychia, in which small white spots appear on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters. Besides parakeratosis, air that is trapped between the cells may also cause this appearance. [5] It is also caused by trauma.
Causes [ edit ] In children the primary source of infection is the orofacial area, and it is commonly inferred that the virus (in this case commonly HSV-1) is transferred by the cutting, chewing or sucking of fingernail or thumbnail.
On the hands, it occurs particularly on the ring finger but can occur on any of the fingernails. It may also happen to toenails. Onycholysis can occur in many conditions, including psoriasis. [2] In thyrotoxicosis, it is thought to be due to sympathetic overactivity. [3] It may also be seen in infections or trauma.