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Most micromachines act as transducers; in other words, they are either sensors or actuators.. Sensors convert information from the environment into interpretable electrical signals.
Bulk micromachining [1] is a process used to produce micromachinery or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Unlike surface micromachining , which uses a succession of thin film deposition and selective etching, bulk micromachining defines structures by selectively etching inside a substrate.
It has also been used to construct micromachinery. As an offshoot of researchers attempting to further miniaturize microtechnology, nanotechnology emerged in the 1980s, particularly after the invention of new microscopy techniques. [4] These produced materials and structures that have 1-100 nm in dimensions. [4]
Microtechnology is a set of processes, techniques and tools used to create structures having at least one dimension of a functional feature in order of micrometer (one millionth of a metre, or 10-6 metre, or 1μm), typically within the range of 10 −4 to 10 −7 meters and application of those structures in more complex systems.
Much like their macroscopic analog, microstructures can be produced using rapid prototyping methods. These techniques generally involve the layering of some resin, with each layer being much thinner than that used for conventional processes in order to produce higher resolution microscopic components.
Different types of light sensors. A sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of detecting a physical phenomenon.. In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, machine, or subsystem that detects events or changes in its environment and sends the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor.
The microfactory's main advantages are saving a substantial amount of space, energy, materials, time, and upfront capital costs. [5]Due to their reduced dimensions, microfactories are normally highly automated.
The MCM/70 [1] is a pioneering microcomputer first built in 1973 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] [3] and released the next year. This makes it one of the first microcomputers in the world, the second to be shipped in completed form, and the first portable computer.