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Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
Glasses prescribed to correct presbyopia may be simple reading glasses, bifocals, trifocals, or progressive lenses. [4] People over 40 are at risk for developing presbyopia and all people become affected to some degree. [1] An estimated 25% of people (1.8 billion globally) had presbyopia as of 2015. [3]
Gingival recession, also known as gum recession and receding gums, is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue and/or retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the teeth. [1] Gum recession is a common problem in adults over the age of 40, but it may also occur starting in adolescence, or around the age of 10.
Traditionally teeth are shaved down to make room for the crown but, more recently, stainless steel crowns have been used to seal decay into the tooth and stop it progressing. This is known as the Hall Technique and works by depriving the bacteria in the decay of nutrients and making their environment less favorable for them.
As of 2013, periodontal disease accounted for 70.8% of teeth lost in patients with the disease in South Korea. [12] Periodontal disease is the second most common cause of tooth loss (second to dental caries) in Scotland. [13] Twice-daily brushing and flossing are a way to help prevent periodontal diseases. [14]
To prevent demineralisation in the mouth, it is important for an individual to ensure they have a well-balanced diet, including foods containing calcium and foods that are low in acids and sugars. The individual should have a diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables, wholegrain cereals, legumes, seeds and nuts.
Necrotizing periodontitis (NP) is where the infection leads to attachment loss (destruction of the ligaments anchoring teeth in their sockets), but involves only the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar ligament. If attachment loss is present in the disease, it is termed NP, unless the disease has progressed beyond the mucogingival ...
Dental attrition is tooth wear caused by tooth to tooth contact. Well-defined wear facets appear on tooth cusps or ridges. This can be caused by several factors, including parafunctional habits such as bruxism or clenching, developmental defects, hard or rough-textured diet, and absence of posterior teeth support.