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Epoetin alfa, sold under the brand name Epogen among others, is a human erythropoietin produced in cell culture using recombinant DNA technology. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Epoetin alfa is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent. [ 8 ]
Erythropoietin (/ ɪ ˌ r ɪ θ r oʊ ˈ p ɔɪ. ɪ t ɪ n,-r ə-,-p ɔɪ ˈ ɛ t ɪ n,-ˈ iː t ɪ n /; [1] [2] [3] EPO), also known as erythropoetin, haematopoietin, or haemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted mainly by the kidneys in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
Medical speciality professional organizations do not recommend the use of ESAs in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have hemoglobin levels greater than 10 g/dL and do not have anemia symptoms. [8] [9] In preterm babies ESAs may help reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions. [10]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to diabetes mellitus (diabetes insipidus not included below): Diabetes mellitus – group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar , either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin , or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that ...
Medications and dosages used in transgender women [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [a]; Medication Brand name Type Route Dosage [b]; Estradiol: Various: Estrogen: Oral: 2–10 mg ...
A fasting blood sugar level of ≥ 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg/dL) is used in the general diagnosis of diabetes. [17] There are no clear guidelines for the diagnosis of LADA, but the criteria often used are that the patient should develop the disease in adulthood, not need insulin treatment for the first 6 months after diagnosis and have autoantibodies in the blood.
Let’s start with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, sometimes just called type 1 diabetes. In this situation, the body doesn’t make enough insulin. The reason this happens is that in type 1 diabetes there is a type 4 hypersensitivity response or a cell-mediated immune response where a person’s own T cells attack the pancreas.
In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia is usually caused by low insulin levels (diabetes mellitus type 1) and/or by resistance to insulin at the cellular level (diabetes mellitus type 2), depending on the type and state of the disease. [37]