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Angelo Gambiglioni, De re iudicata, 1579 Res judicata or res iudicata, also known as claim preclusion, is the Latin term for judged matter, [1] and refers to either of two concepts in common law civil procedure: a case in which there has been a final judgment and that is no longer subject to appeal; and the legal doctrine meant to bar (or preclude) relitigation of a claim between the same parties.
The plea of res judicata applies, except in special cases, not only to points upon which the Court was actually required by the parties to form an opinion and pronounce a judgment, but to every point which properly belonged to the subject of litigation, and which the parties, exercising reasonable diligence, might have brought forward at the time.
United States v. Throckmorton (98 U.S. 61) is an 1878 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court on civil procedure, specifically res judicata, in cases heard at equity.A unanimous Court affirmed an appeal of a decision by the District Court for California upholding a Mexican-era land claim, holding that collateral estoppel bars untimely motions to set aside the verdict where the purportedly ...
Semtek v. Lockheed Martin, 531 U.S. 497 (2001), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the claim preclusive effect of a federal judgment on a claim over which subject matter jurisdiction is based solely on diversity is determined by the common law of the state in which the federal district court rendering the decision is located.
Collateral estoppel (CE), known in modern terminology as issue preclusion, is a common law estoppel doctrine that prevents a person from relitigating an issue. One summary is that, "once a court has decided an issue of fact or law necessary to its judgment, that decision ... preclude[s] relitigation of the issue in a suit on a different cause of action involving a party to the first case". [1]
appellate review standard for violations of Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure governing the taking of guilty pleas Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada: 542 U.S. 177 (2004) constitutionality of state law requiring citizens to identify themselves to police Aetna Health Inc. v. Davila: 542 U.S. 200 (2004)
The law of the country, state, or locality where the matter under litigation took place. Usually used in contract law, to determine which laws govern the contract. / ˈ l ɛ k s ˈ l oʊ s aɪ / lex scripta: written law Law that specifically codifies something, as opposed to common law or customary law. liberum veto: free veto
Hansberry v. Lee, 311 U.S. 32 (1940), is a famous and commonly-used case in civil procedure classes in the United States for teaching that res judicata does not apply to an individual whose interests were not adequately represented in a prior class action.