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  2. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

    The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample. In practice, the sample size used in a study is usually determined based on the cost, time, or convenience of collecting the data, and the need for it to offer sufficient statistical power. In complex studies ...

  3. Norm-referenced test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm-referenced_test

    The term normative assessment is used when the reference population are the peers of the test taker. Norm-referenced assessment can be contrasted with criterion-referenced assessment and ipsative assessment. In a criterion-referenced assessment, the score shows whether or not test takers performed well or poorly on a given task, not how that ...

  4. Population - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population

    Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a single area. ... According to papers published by the United States Census Bureau, the ...

  5. Population viability analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_viability_analysis

    For example, a study by Manlik et al. (2016) forecast the viability of two bottlenose dolphin populations in Western Australia and identified reproduction as having the greatest influence on the forecast of these populations. One of the two populations was forecast to be stable, whereas the other population was forecast to decline, if it ...

  6. Sampling (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)

    In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. The subset is meant to reflect the whole population, and statisticians attempt to collect ...

  7. Exam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exam

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 January 2025. Educational assessment For other uses, see Exam (disambiguation) and Examination (disambiguation). Cambodian students taking an exam in order to apply for the Don Bosco Technical School of Sihanoukville in 2008 American students in a computer fundamentals class taking an online test in ...

  8. Population study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_study

    Population study is an interdisciplinary field of scientific study that uses various statistical methods and models to analyse, determine, address, and predict population challenges and trends from data collected through various data collection methods such as population census, registration method, sampling, and some other systems of data sources. [1]

  9. Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observations_Concerning...

    The notion of the population doubling every 25 years influenced Thomas Malthus, who quotes paragraph 22 of the essay, with attribution, in his 1802 work An Essay on the Principle of Population. Through Malthus, the essay is said to have influenced Charles Darwin. [3] [4] Conway Zirkle has noted that "Franklin is really the source of Darwin's ...