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Due to Hawaii's isolation 30% of the fish are endemic (unique to the island chain). [1] The Hawaiian Islands comprise 137 islands and atolls, with a land area of 6,423.4 square miles (16,636.5 km 2). [2] This archipelago and its oceans are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania.
Spelaeorchestia koloana, the Kauaʻi cave amphipod or ʻuku noho ana in Hawaiian, is a cave-dwelling crustacean only found on the Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi.It is eyeless and measures 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long. [3]
In the Hawaiian language, āholehole refers to the young stage, [3] and āhole the mature fish. It was sometimes called puaʻa kai , literally "sea pig". [ 4 ] Keahole Point and the Kona International Airport located there are named for the fish. [ 5 ]
In this system of farming, the taro in the upland paddies (taro being the primary staple in Ancient Hawaii) was aided by the fish such as the Hawaiʻian freshwater goby, through these fish pruning the leaves and eating the pests, thus leading to a symbiotic system of food production.
The bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) is a species of true tuna of the genus Thunnus, belonging to the wider mackerel family Scombridae.In Hawaiian, it is one of two species known as ʻahi, the other being the yellowfin tuna. [4]
The Hawaiian fishpond was primarily a grazing area in which the fishpond-keeper cultivated algae; much in the way cattle ranchers cultivate grass for their cattle. [3] The porous lava walls let in seawater (or sometimes fresh or brackish water, as in the case of the "Menehune" fishpond near Līhuʻe, Kauaʻi), but prevent the fish from escaping.
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Moano are common reef fish found in shallow water environments, reef flats, and outside reefs. [4] [3] They spend a lot of their time in the benthic zone. They can be found at depths 0 – 161 m deep (0 – 528 ft). [5] They are endemic in three regions: Hawaiʻi, Marquesas, and the Indo-Polynesian Province. [5]