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The dollar or peso was divided into 8 reales in Spanish Latin America until the 19th century when the peso was divided into 100 centavos. However, monetary turbulence in Spain beginning under the reign of King Philip II resulted in the dollar being subdivided as follows in Spain only: Until 1642: $1 = 8 reales, subsequently called reales nacionales
These reales were supplemented by the gold escudo, minted 68 to a mark of 11 ⁄ 12 fine gold (3.101 g fine gold), and valued at 15–16 silver reales or approximately two dollars. This real, worth 1 ⁄ 8 dollar, was retained in Latin America until the 19th century but was altered considerably in peninsular Spain beginning in the 17th century.
The base denomination is an 8 reales coin (aka Piece of eight or Spanish dollar). Other minor denominations included 4 reales, 2 reales, 1 real, and 1/2 real. The 8 reales coin is the predecessor to the American dollar.
Denominations: 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4, and 8 reales. The 8-reales produced from 1732 until 1772 was the coin that became a standard in the English colonies in North America: it is the coin referred to in colonial contracts calling for payment in Spanish milled dollars.
The Spanish dollar continued to dominate the Eastern trade, and the peso of eight reales continued to be minted in the New World. The coin was sometimes called a Republican dollar, but eventually any peso of the old Spanish eight-real standard was generally referred to as a Mexican dollar, Mexico being the most prolific producer.
Silver coin: 8 reales Mexico, 1840 GoPJ Silver coin: 8 reales Mexico, 1890 ZsFZ Silver coin: 8 reales Mexico, 1897 GoRS. The real was a currency of Mexico, issued until 1897. [1] There were 16 silver reales to 1 gold escudo, with 8 tlacos to the real. The peso, which circulated alongside the real and eventually replaced it, was equal to 8 reales.
Spanish-American coins minted to the currency system of 8 reales = 1 peso were brought over by the Manila galleons between the 16th and 19th centuries. The first coins brought over were odd-shaped silver cobs called macuquinas or hilis-kalamay. They were then succeeded starting 1726 by the famous columnarios (silver pillar dollars) or dos mundos.
Peso = 8 Reales (silver) Onza = 8 Escudos = 16 Pesos (diamonds) Quito was part of Gran Colombia until 1830 as Departamento del Sur. Gran Colombia's monetary regulations retained the old Spanish colonial system, with both milled and hammered coin circulating. Gold and silver were minted at Popayán and Bogotá, copper at Caracas.